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Category: her thoughts (page 11 of 21)

chicken birth anomalies, part 1: an unabsorbed yolk sac

despite having a really great hatching experience for our first batch of chicks, there were still some anomalies in our new population of chicks. of course we’ve had some chicks who took longer to hatch then others, or some chicks that appear to be smaller (a little more runty) than the others, but this is to be expected. no chick is the same, of course!

beyond these “average uniquenesses” among our chicks, three particular anomalies stand out from this experience:

a chick born with part of her yolk sac unabsorbed
a chick born with an underdeveloped leg
a chick that actually needed help hatching

i want to describe these three different anomalies and how we’ve dealt with them/plan to deal with them. this post focuses on the first…

anomaly #1

the fourth chick that was born hatched with part of its yolk sac unabsorbed. i’ve mentioned this in previous posts about the chicks, but i’ll explain again… during the last few days of incubating, the chick begins to absorb the yolk sac that was external throughout the others stages of their development. they absorb it into their abdomen region and this allows them to last without food or water for a few days after they hatch. it also gives them the extra energy that they need to start pipping through their shells and busting into the world (a tiring task indeed). sometimes a chick’s timing if off and they hatch out before their bodies are actually ready. this happens way more often in artificially incubated eggs than eggs hatched under mother hens. another testament to nature always being better…

perhaps it was the temperature of the incubator or a temperature or humidity fluctuation that caused this one chick to think that it was the right time to be born, but part of the yolk was still dangling from its abdomen when it hatched.

part of the unabsorbed yolk sac

this chick acted totally fine and healthy after being born, but after doing some research we determined that it was best to keep her separate from the others until her dangley bits dried up and fell off. we did this for a day or two and gave her separate food and water.

the video above shows the chicks when they were about three days old, and you can see the little chicken in her own box under the heat lamp. if you look closely, you can see part of her yolk sac hanging underneath her.

after keeping her in her box for a few days, her yolk sac area was still not drying well and the areas was starting to smell very bloody. her sac was also beginning to partially dry against her stomach, and that whole area seemed sticky. she also seemed really “cheepy” (noisy and restless) and i became worried that she might get an infection in that area. i decided to apply some plaintain on her stomach and so i chewed up a batch and spit it on her stomach area.

we have no way of knowing if getting chilled, or refusing to eat and drink, or simply being sick was the reason why she died, but when i woke up the next morning i saw that she had died. later we put her in the wood stove so she could be cremated (this just seemed like a better idea in the winter than a burial).

another lesson learned from the animal world: not all things live. and although her death made me sad, i knew in my gut early on that she was probably going to die because of her birth defect. some things live and some things die, as always, and having 21 lively, goofball chicks running around as i write this, i am reminded that nature really has a great plan set up for living.

.:.

hatching chicken eggs: let nature take its course!

December 7, 2014 / Emma / Comments Off

let me first start by saying that jason and i decided early on in the incubation process that chicken are chickens and we can’t be too worried about their growth and development as long as we were doing as much as we can to take care of them and protect them. sometimes incubated eggs die, and sometimes chicks die, and although it is sad, that is the cycle of life.

so as we began to incubate our 27 eggs, we were determined to do what was the best for the chicks when the time came: letting nature take its course. as with human babies, chicks know what time to emerge into the world and generally do a very good job of it once they’re ready (just like humans).

there is always variation in birth, both with humans and chicks, and i was reminded of this while i waited on many of the eggs to hatch. i thought… “this egg has pipped and then done nothing for 24 hours… what’s wrong?”

the answer was: nothing! nothing at all. the chicks were simply waiting to be ready to come into the world. sometimes this included absorbing all of the yolk sac into their abdomen (from which they are provided with enough nourishment for a few days and do not need food or water). other times it might mean that they are still absorbing all of their blood (that was once coursing through the vessels inside of the egg) so that they are born will all of their necessities!

when the chicks are born, they are flopping, gooey creatures that seem spastic and sleepy all at once. they break their own umbilical cord through their writhing and struggles, and generally all other birth residue will dry and/or flake off of them once they become the cute, fluffy boogers that we all know and love.

i wanted to write this post today to show you the variation in birth time and circumstance for our chicks so that you don’t worry if you hatch some chicks of your own!

first of all, i noticed that once the first pip happens, it might be anywhere from 2 to 48 hours before the chick emerges. it is important to be patient during this time and let them follow nature’s guide. i did notice however, that once the chick has pipped all around the circumference of the egg, making it ready to bust the top off, it usually takes about 15 or 20 minutes for the chick to break out. this was the case with all of our 22 hatched eggs, except 1 (i’ll explain the details of this in a future post).

the following is the breakdown of the births, beginning on the 21st day (when chicks are supposed to be due). i’d like to note that eggs were turned for the first 18 and a half days, and then left still afterwards. the incubator was kept at 99.5 degrees and the lid was only removed a few times for candling or adding water to increase humidity.

day 21

first at 9:39am
second at 4:26 pm
third at 6:49 pm
fourth at 7:50pm (born with a partially unabsorbed yolk sac and died a few days later)

overnight of day 21/early morning of day 22

fifth-tenth born

day 22

eleventh at 8:25 am
twelfth at 11:11 am
thirteenth at 4:41 pm
fourteenth at 4:51 pm

overnight of day 22/early morning of day 23

fifteenth-seventeenth born

day 23

eighteenth-twentieth born while we were at work
twenty-first at 9:15pm

day 24

twenty-second at 9:00pm via my intervention… more details about this intervention and how i knew to intervene in a future post!

i hope this shows how much variation there can be in a chick hatching, just like in human births!

stay tuned for more chick updates!

.:.

a chick is born: a complete birth video

December 3, 2014 / Emma / Comments Off

i debated about what to post about today, and since so much has been happening lately in chicken-ville, i certainly have a lot of experiences i could write about. and then i realized how worn out i am from constantly checking on the chicks (although i know they should be fine without my constant vigilance)!

baby #1, drying and looking fluffier!

i have so many topic ideas for future posts about my experience with the hatching eggs and the new baby chicks, and we are only on day 4 for one of the babies and day 2 or 3 for most of them! some future posts that i will be writing about the great (and tiring) time we’ve had:

the variation in hatch times and circumstances (chickens being born are working on their own schedule just like humans are). usually, you just need to leave them alone, and let them do their thing like with a natural human labor, even if you think otherwise at first.
the loss of one of our chicks that was born with some of the yolk sac unabsorbed.
the intervention i used yesterday to get a chick out of its shell who was stuck (and had been stuck for over 36 hours)
what the “afterbirth” and broken shells are like
floating the final two, unpipped eggs to see if babies are possibly alive inside

for today i’ll leave you with this 10 minute video that shows the best part of the hatching process. this is the video of our first chick being born!

.:.

waiting for chicks: the first pip!

November 28, 2014 / Emma / Comments Off

today around 11 am the first egg in the incubator started getting busy! this first chick pipped (poked a hole through) his egg and has begun his emergence into the world… though still, 12 hours later, he hasn’t made any more progress. this is normal so now we just have to wait!i also saw the egg wiggle many times and i even heard him chirping in there once! wow!

the first egg is pipped!

today we finished the final preparations for the chick’s house, and added pine shavings to the floor of the pen and covered that with dog pee pads. this is because the first few days the chicks need a textured material to walk on that isn’t their pine shavings (since they don’t learn what is food and what is bedding until the first few days have passed). we also added their food dish and one of their waterers. it’s all ready to go!

ready for chicks!

now we just have to wait as patiently as we can (yeah, right!)…

.:.

countdown to chicks: building their first house

November 26, 2014 / Emma / Comments Off

our incubating eggs are almost done and the chick hatch is scheduled for so soon… saturday! i originally thought it was sunday, but i forgot to count the first day that the eggs started incubating as day 1 (which you are supposed to do if you started the eggs in the incubator before noon of that day).

needless to say, we’re getting really excited around here, even though we haven’t really checked out the eggs since my day 15 incubating chicks update.

today i removed the turning tray from the incubator and cut the turning motor off. i also added more water to the device so that the humidity will be higher when the chicks are hatching in a few days. this keeps them from getting stuck to their shell as they’re busting into the world! now that the eggs are on paper towels and without the turning try, the chicks will have more room to break free when the time comes.

almost time!

once i moved them back into the incubator after removing the tray, a couple of the eggs started to move, as if to say “hey, i ‘ll see you soon (and quit moving me around!)”

i also set up their first little home that will be theirs for the first weeks of their life. i used opened wine boxes, taped end to end. these were just the right height if i left the flaps on the bottom folded out to help support the rest of the cardboard. i taped more wine boxes together than i needed, which means that when i need to expand their home to give them more space as they grow, i can simply untape one portion of the cardboard circle and make the circle bigger, then retape it into another circular shape. rounded edges are important because chicks can get stuck in corners if other chicks are pressing against them, and they can be smothered and die.

you can see in the pictures below that in addition to folding out the bottom flaps of cardboard, i also taped them to a sheet of plastic underneath (in this case, an old shower curtain) to keep the circle from buckling or becoming malformed. this sheet of plastic should also help with cleanup once the chickens move outside later in the year. in the next day or two, we’ll be adding wood shavings to the floor of the little pen/house to absorb the poop and spilled water and to make the chicks more comfortable.

our quick and easy chick house!

the heat lamp really gets the space nice and toasty. the thermometer reads 96 degrees! perfect for day 1!

the red lamp is a heat lamp, and will keep areas of the house 95 degrees, the ideal starting temperature for little baby chickens. each week we’ll raise the lamp so that the temperature directly below the lamp drops by 5 degrees each week. this allows for the chicks to acclimate to cooler temperatures over time. in the meantime, the light will warm them and the red tint helps them from picking at each other (which can cause open sores and lead to a sick or dead chick).

their water and food dishes will be in the house near the warm, center area and we’ll leave the regular overhead light bulb on in their space so that they thrive and feel safer.

so exciting! only 3 days to go!

.:.

chicken egg incubation update–day 15

November 24, 2014 / Emma / 2 Comments

a brief warning for you here… some images in this post are of an unborn chicken embryo, which stopped growing inside its egg after a few days into the incubation period.

.:.

recently i candled the eggs again to double check my candling work from last week and the progress was amazing! during the process this time, you could really see the blood vessels and the larger, wiggling chicken inside a few of the eggs. once again, amazing!

i also decided to check the other 5 eggs that i wasn’t sure were fertilized, still thriving, or alive.

unknown egg #1: the first one was definitely fertilized and alive, and i was surprised and excited to add another potential chicken to our list for the hatch this sunday. so that puts our count at 23 chicks!

unknown egg #2: the next egg i checked was definitely no longer growing, and i could see the tell-tale red ring around the inside of the egg that means the egg was at one point fertilized but the embryo died within the first few days. this egg was pretty much transparent except for the red ring, and i removed this one to crack it open later and check out the contents.

unknown egg #3: this egg was just the same as egg #2 and i removed this one also.

unknown egg #4: this egg had no visible embryo and even though i turned it on all sides, i couldn’t see anything alive inside. there was a very dark section and a very visible air bubble, but the dark patch was different than the dark patches in the fertile and growing eggs and i couldn’t see any blood vessels or other signs of life. so i decided to take this egg out too so that it wouldn’t bust and contaminate the others as time went on.

unknown egg #5: i was still unsure about this egg, so i left it in inside the incubator just in case.

as of now, there are 24 eggs in the incubator and i’m sure (or as sure as a beginner can be) that 23 of them are growing nicely.

the other 3 eggs that i removed became a science experiment…

failure to thrive egg #1: when i cracked this one open i only saw the red ring of small blood vessels around the inside of the egg. there were no other substances inside besides the red ring and the light yellow liquid that was the yolk and white mixed together. that means this one was fertilized too (24 out of 27 points for rex).

failure to thrive egg #2: this egg had the same red ring as the previous one, but it also had a couple thick spots of dark red that could have been the beginnings of the the embryo. it seemed to me that this egg lived longer before failing to thrive. (25 out of 27 points for rex.)

failure to thrive egg #3: this last egg at first appeared to be the same as the second egg but when i poured the contents out into the bowl with the other yellow liquid, i heard a little plop. i looked in the bowl and found a tiny, but unmistakable embryo that hadn’t even begun to from its limbs yet,which meant that the egg died sometime around 3 or 4 days into the incubation process. (26 out of 27 points for rex!!!)

tiny chicken embryo

you can see its eyes but it has not yet formed limbs. to me, it looks somewhat like a seahorse!

jason and i have dealt with a chick that was born that died, and chicks that were busted out of their shell by careless hens just a few days before hatching, so this process isn’t new to me… and since the embryo was barely developed i don’t feel sad about the situation, just in awe of it. i am hoping that all of the eggs that are in the incubator now will thrive and hatch well… and i can give thanks for that!!!

i also found a great video on YouTube that shows the growth of the embryo from the beginning until the day i hatches… you can watch the video and think of our embryo-chicks, who are at 15 days today!

.:.

candling eggs and seeing baby chicks grow!

November 19, 2014 / Emma / 4 Comments

the incubating-chicken-eggs adventure continues… this time with some more hands-on activities!

last weekend we “candled” our eggs, a term which supposedly came from using the light of candles to see through the egg shell and observe the progress of the contents. this process usually shouldn’t be started before the eggs have been incubating for 7 or 8 days, since the growth of the baby chick inside is a lot more fragile during the first week (ish). also, waiting until at least a week into the process ensures that when you finally do candle the eggs, the embryo inside is much more visible.

the really cool thing about this simple and easy way to check on your eggs, is that it’s like a chicken ultrasound! you can actually see the life growing! candling also allows you to make sure that no bad eggs are still in the bunch that might explode later during incubation, affecting the environment of the viable eggs.

dark-shelled eggs are harder to see into, since the increased pigment in the shell obscures the light and keeps it from penetrating through as easily. jason and i actually has some trouble at first figuring out how to get the bright light to focus on the egg, until he had the idea to put our 1,000,000 candle power flashlight underneath a full toilet paper roll and sit the egg on top of the tube’s opening. this worked perfectly, and also meant that we didn’t have to hold the egg since it rested on the tube just fine on its own. i was able to shift the egg more easily this way, and locate the embryos. the pictures and video that we took really don’t do the experience justice…

let’s see… how do i explain this? the darkest blob that is a little higher than halfway up the egg and a little to the left of center are the eyes of the chick!

the video below shows the dark shape (which is easier to see in the video) moving around in its shell. dancing, really! all the information that i read said that you might see the embryos move inside their shell during candling if you got lucky, and i got lucky over a dozen times! after i finished squealing with delight, i filmed the video!

the coolest thing i learned?

that at least 21 out of our 27 incubating eggs are fertilized and growing magnificently! this is a really high ratio and makes me proud of rex! also, it makes me less inclined to eat him next time he tries to attack me!

after candling all of the eggs, i put a check mark on the eggs that i was sure were fertilized and growing. later tonight, after i’m done writing this, i plan to candle the other eggs and see if they are fertilized, as well as check on a few of the ones i’ve already checked off! talk about an awesome way to spend the evening!

our incubating eggs, most of them with check marks!

.:.

adding a donkey to the family: why?

November 14, 2014 / Emma / Comments Off

so the donkey quest has begun… through research, at least! we just got our great, new donkey book in the mail, donkeys: small-scale donkey keeping by anita gallion.

this donkey isn’t jack-jack, but he sure looks like him!

i’ve wanted a donkey ever since i volunteered at a horse rehabilitation center, about 5 years ago. the one donkey that they had there was a perfectly healthy, hilarious gelding (castrated male donkey) named jack-jack. he would stand by the fence and bray until i would come over to him and pet him or feed him, and the first few times i interacted with him he made me nervous simply because he was so pushy and snugly. he was a downright attention addict. i wasn’t sure why he was at the farm, but the owner told be that he had been brought to a horse sale, very skinny and obviously malnourished. the first owners couldn’t afford to take care of him anymore, and although the owner of the farm already had many other sick, crippled, or old animals, she decided she had to take him too (she was just that kind of animal-loving person).

after he lived at the rehabilitation farm for a while, he gained his weight back and became a thoroughly healthy, spunky fool. he quickly became the personality of the group, and even became good friends with the giant and very blind percheron draft horse named ophelia. jack-jack often led the other blind or old horses around the field and would sometimes even intervene when the socially bizarre horses were doing something crazy… usually repetitive walking or chewing behavior because of past trauma or of being locked up in a little stall all the time by their first owners.

the horse i volunteered with, marigold, an old thoroughbred racehorse, would walk in circles when she first arrived at the rehab farm since where she came from, she was used to always having just a little bit of space. jack-jack would step in when he caught her doing this, and try to get her to socialize and move around to other places.

marigold, my old, blind friend!

i was also impressed by how smart and observant jack-jack was… he would try to untie ropes when he saw them tied up and he was capable of untying his lead rope from a tree or branch! sometimes he would even attempt to unlock the gate lock with his lips… though he was never successful!

he was also so loud! after spending time at the farm i learned that donkeys are fantastic at protecting their herd (including any horses or other animals they’ve adopted) through 2 basic tactics: being so damn loud that predators just want to run for it, and by being almost totally fearless with their sharp-hoofed attacks! i’ve always heard that donkeys are less skiddish than horses and are more willing to charge and kick butt.

so far, in my theory, donkeys are to horses as geese are to chickens: both donkeys and geese can almost totally survive on the grasses or scrubs that grow around them and don’t need as much nutritional supplementation as chickens or horses do, they are great animals for protecting themselves and for seeming threatening to intruders (animal or human), and they are so comical and goofy (well, at least to me)!

jason agrees that a donkey will be a great addition to our homestead, and we’re already thinking of all the new opportunities that can come from having a donkey… having a trusted creature that a kid can ride, that can pull a plow, and can haul logs or other heavy loads. we’re also excited to have a new friend that can let us know when someone comes to visit and can protect our other pets and farm animals from harm. not to mention their valuable manure and just how cute they are.

we can’t wait to get a jenny who can be the mother to other lovely donkeys who will be our friends and our children’s friends for decades to come!

.:.

incubating chicken eggs 101

November 12, 2014 / Emma / Comments Off

the time has come for us to have some babies… 21 chicken babies, hopefully!

we finally broke out our new incubator, the incuview all-in-one egg incubator, that has the ability to keep eggs moist, turn them every few hours, and keep them warm and toasty just like a mother hens’s butt! another really cool thing about the incuview is that it is capable of incubating reptile eggs and many bird eggs, such as chicken, goose, duck, and turkey.

so, this past weekend we decided to incubate 21 chicken eggs (this is the number that will fit in the incubator) so that we can have some new chickens this coming year! we started incubating on sunday and we saved eggs from last wednesday through saturday to be sure that we would have enough to incubate. these we stored at room temperature, pointy end down. we also made sure to shift them in their tray every day so that nothing inside the egg would begin to stick to the shell or form air bubbles. when sunday came around, we chose the best shaped, cleanest eggs from our collection and placed them end to end in the incubator.

our incubating eggs!

the default temperature fr the incubator is 99.5 degrees, which is ideal for chicken eggs, and the dial measuring humidity is easy to read and understand. i do recommend, however, putting less water in the bottom water tray than you think you need… i poured out a good bit of the water today, and the humidity is still very high inside the device. i’ll be checking the levels again tomorrow and pouring out even more water if the humidity doesn’t drop.

chicken eggs hatch after 21 days of incubation, and the last few days of incubation require a different humidity level in the environment so that as they hatch the chicks don’t get stuck to their shell. our incubator has a setting that allows for this increase in humidity and we can disengage the turning device so that the eggs are not turned during the last few, critical days.

the turning device is the metal rod that you see coming down from the lid of the incubator.

this weekend or sometime next week we will be able to hold the eggs up to a bright light to see which of the eggs are fertilized and which are developing properly. it’s like a chicken ultrasound!

the hardest part of the hatching will be watching the chicks be born without interfering. it is great that you can see the whole event but since they recommend waiting every few hours to remove hatched and dried off chicks, i’m going to be jumping out of my skin while i wait to hold them!

we’ve decided that once they’re born we’re going to keep them in a pen inside of the basement shower so that they can grow without being molested by bolt and without taking up too much of our basement space. once spring rolls around, we’re going to replace some of our older hens with this new batch, and eat whichever older hens and newer roosters are left.

so, we’re starting off on a new adventure here at kuska wiñasun homestead, an adventure that will hopefully end in many little chicks!

.:.

frosted plants and crunchy leaves

November 7, 2014 / Emma / 2 Comments

a sure sign that fall is here and winter is coming… frost! we had our first frost of the year on november 1st, which was close in date to first frosts of other years. luckily, we were proactive; we watched the weather and were poised to harvest the crops before the frost came in. among the things that we harvested:

peppers

jalapeño peppers
aji peppers
sweet bell peppers
cayenne peppers

sweet potatoes (these we harvested after the frost because jason cut off all of the greenery and covered them up with sheets to protect the tubers for a little while longer)

red porto rican
yellow porto rican (see jason’s post to learn why their name is spelled this way!)
korean purple

chia

herbs

rosemary
sage
thyme
basil
lavender
comfrey

and a good thing we did, too! check out how frosted (and killed and blackened) the peppers became…

the aji pepper plants after the frost!

the bell pepper plants after the frost!

some crops do well with a light frost, though. kale is one of them, and the frost even makes the leaves sweeter. our kale is still going strong and we ca’t wait to eat some!

baby kale, oh baby!

jason also just put some garlic in the ground, which withstands even the coldest winters like a champ. our oca tubers are still in the ground, too, and they won’t get harvested until after winter is winding down.

i’ve also noticed the lovely trees and leaves on the ground (and since we don’t rake or leaf-blow them around, i get to enjoy their crunch for a while to come (even though they’ve piled up in the carport too!)!

topless tree… our front yard maple.

our front yard oak

my pile of leaves!!!

.:.

KW Homestead

Pasture Raised Poultry & Edible Landscaping Plants Since 2013